From Zoo Enclosures to Urban Spaces: The Evolution of Biophilic Design

Leaflike has been at the forefront of biophilic design for over 20 years, building on a concept that has been evolving for decades. 

Biophilia is the idea that we’re instinctively drawn to nature, and it’s not just a feel-good concept. Research shows that our deep bond with the natural world can boost well-being, improve performance, and reduce stress. While this connection has always been part of us, biophilia only gained recognition in the 20th century, becoming widely recognised in the 1980s. Evidence proves that nature isn’t just a nice-to-have; it’s essential for our health and happiness.

The Evolution of Biophilic Design

In the 1980s, biologist Edward O. Wilson suggested that humans evolved in direct connection with natural settings. Social ecologist Stephen Kellert then expanded on this idea, showing that designing with nature is more than a trend – it’s a proven way to support physical and mental well-being. His work highlighted the importance of creating environments that enhance wellness beyond just adding a few plants.

Surprisingly, the roots of biophilic design can be traced to zoo enclosures in the 1990s. At Seattle Zoo, it was observed that animals confined to artificial spaces showed severe stress. A redesign to include natural features helped reduce this, sparking a realisation that our artificial indoor environments could also be detrimental. This insight fuelled the rise of biophilic design in buildings, bringing the benefits of nature indoors.

Today, living plants and lush hotel lobbies show this growing trend, reconnecting people with nature to create a welcoming and inviting atmosphere.

Science-Backed Benefits of Biophilic Design

Studies show that exposure to plants and natural elements can significantly reduce cortisol levels, an essential stress hormone. Lower cortisol improves focus and motivation and reduces anxiety. Also, heart rates tend to drop in such environments, underscoring the broad health benefits of biophilic design.[1]

Positive effects in different settings:

  • HEALTHCARE: Patients with nature views recover 8.5% faster [2] and require 22% less pain medication. [3]
  • WORKPLACES: Incorporating natural elements can boost productivity by 6%,[4] enhance performance by up to 25%, improve employee well-being by 15% [4], and decrease absenteeism by 1.6%.[5]
  • HOSPITALITY: Guests are willing to pay 23% more for rooms with nature views [6] and spend 36% longer in nature-filled lobbies.[7]

 

This research highlights that integrating nature is more than just an aesthetic choice; it is a powerful strategy for enhancing health, happiness, and overall performance.

The Urban Shift and the Role of Biophilic Design

By 2050, 68% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas, distancing us from the natural environments that enhance well-being and reduce stress. The World Health Organisation highlights rising stress and anxiety as significant health concerns of the 21st century, driven by rapid urbanisation.

Leaflike addresses this challenge through biophilic design, bringing nature back into commercial spaces like offices, hotels, and restaurants. We integrate living walls, plant displays, and natural materials to create vibrant, calming environments that boost productivity and well-being.

 

Leaflike’s Biophilic Expertise

We have partnered with leading architects, designers, and luxury hoteliers for over two decades, including renowned venues like the BoTree, Mandarin Oriental, Savoy, and Waldorf Hotel. Our visualisation service transforms client ideas into impactful, nature-inspired designs.

Our approach goes beyond simply adding greenery. We craft balanced, dynamic spaces where natural elements work together to energise and inspire.

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designteam@leaflike.co.uk

     

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